**The Destruction** of Yerushalayim the Holy City and the Second Temple by Titus the Wicked in year 3828, 420 years after its building [(Rashi Avodah Zarah 9a), and see Ma'or Einayim, Imrei Binah chapters 34 and 36 - 428 years since its building, and the Ba'al HaTerumot section 345 says 419 or 420. And so Tosafot first chapter of Avodah Zarah (9b) - 421 years were destroyed. And the Ralbag Daniel 7 and 9 and at its end wrote 437 and a half, and Josephus in the tenth of his book of wars wrote that the years of the Second Temple were 639 and a half, and one of the Christian scholars calculated the collected years of the Temple to be 587 (there chapter 36).

And in Tzeda part 2, year 3832, according to the calculation of the chroniclers, the destruction was in year 3835, and the difference between our calculation and theirs is 6 years, for our Sages of blessed memory said in the first chapter of Avodah Zarah that the beginning of the kingdom of the Greeks began 380 years before the destruction of the Second Temple, and when you add the number of years of the general kingdom of Alexander, which is 448, to 380, it comes to 3828. But if the kingdom of the Greeks did not begin until after the death of Alexander, as Ma'or Einayim chapters 25 and 30 say, the 380 years would end in year 3835 (see above year 3442).

And the Bechaye Parshat Re'eh wrote according to Rabbeinu Tam that the Temple was destroyed in year 4,249 to Creation, and in my opinion this calculation is not accurate.] The number of those killed in the wars of Titus who were known, who were buried and counted, Josephus wrote in chapter 65, were 14 times one hundred thousand, besides those killed who were not known, and those killed in the wars of El'azar ben Anani. 16,000 Titus took with him to Rome, and the other captives are without number. Titus commanded to kill Yochanan, leader of the zealots, with a harsh and unusual death.

He also killed Shimon the Zealot with severe tortures and threw his carcass to the dogs. The rest of the zealots who harmed Yisrael he commanded in every city where he camped on his way to Rome to throw them to the lions until the zealots were finished [(Tzeda). And in Sha'ar HaDorot 127 it says they built in Rome a great arch of marble stone and engraved on it the vessels of the Temple and the prisoners as an eternal memorial of Titus's might, and so they did in Salonika when he passed there with the exile].

**It is written** in Masa'ot Binyamin that in Rome in the prayer house of Saint Stephen stand copper pillars that Shlomo the King made, and engraved on them is "Shlomo son of David." Every year on the 9th of Av the pillars sweat as if water was poured on them. And there is a cave where Titus placed the vessels of the Temple, and there is a hollow mountain where the Ten Martyrs are resting [and it is difficult, for in Gedolei Yisrael it says that the location is in Eretz Yisrael where some of the Ten Martyrs were buried there].

**Rabban** Shimon the Second son of Rabban Gamliel the Elder, Nasi of Yisrael, was the first of the Ten Martyrs. He was killed at the time of the destruction along with Chananyah the Deputy Kohen Gadol, see there, and see Rabbi Yishmael ben Elisha the Kohen Gadol. The remaining seven of the Ten Martyrs, some were at least 52 years after the destruction and some much longer after 52 years from the destruction.

An error escaped from the author of the selichah "Eileh Ezkerah" that it appears from it as if they were all at the same time [(see year 3880), and so Bechaye Parshat Miketz that they were not at the same time, and there that Caesar was Lupinus, and the words of the Sar HaPanim to Rabbi Yishmael the Kohen Gadol from that same decree and what is destined to come upon Rome, and that Lupinus was substituted in place of Rechav'at, whose name he burned in his place, see year 3880]. Titus wanted to kill also Rabban Gamliel the Second son of Rabban Shimon son of Rabban Gamliel the Elder who was killed, and Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai through his great request saved him from his hand [(Tzeda)].

Rabbi Papyus and Rabbi Yochanan ben Bava Bava and his son Rabbi El'azar saw the destruction [(see Yuchsin in Seder HaDorot after the completion of the matter of the Kohanim)]. Rabbi Tzadok and his son Rabbi Eliezer were colleagues of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai [(and see there)].