Table of Contents
The Patriarchs
2047AM

Year 2047 of the Jewish calendar.

1

Avraham was circumcised at the age of ninety-nine [(this is Year 2047)] and Yishmael was then twelve years old [(and in Bereishit Rabbah, Parashat Vayera chapter 55, it says he was sixteen years old)]. This requires investigation, for the angels who came on the third day after his circumcision came in the evening to Sodom, and the next day Sodom was overturned. The event of Sodom was fifty-two years after the Dispersion, as explained in the first chapter of Shabbat and in Rashi on Parashat Vayera.

Thus from the Dispersion which was in Year 1996, plus fifty-two years, equals Year 2048 when he was circumcised. And behold the angels announced to Avraham that "at this time next year" Sarah would have a son, and since Sarah was to give birth to Yitzchak in Year 2049, this requires investigation according to the first chapter of Rosh Hashanah, etc. [The text continues with extensive calendrical calculations regarding the timing of the circumcision, birth of Yitzchak, and related events, with some opinions placing the circumcision in Tammuz and others on Yom Kippur.]

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2

HaShem appeared to him at Elonei Mamre and sent to him three angels, etc. And Avraham ran and took a calf and slaughtered it and gave it to his servant Eliezer to prepare it, and to Sarah he said, "Knead and make cakes to cover the pot of meat." And he brought before them butter and milk and gave them to eat before the meat was cooked, etc. And the people of Sodom and Amorah and all the five cities were evil and sinners to HaShem exceedingly, etc.

And they had a valley in their land as wide as half a day's journey, and in it were springs of water and gardens, and all of Sodom and Amorah went there for five days each year, they and their wives and children with tambourines and dances. Each man took hold of his neighbor's wife and each man took his neighbor's virgin daughter, and they abused them and lay with them. A man would see his wife and daughter in his neighbor's hand and no one would say a word.

This they did from morning until evening for all five days each year. When a stranger brought merchandise to their cities, all the people of the cities—men and women, young and old—would gather and take the merchandise, each a little. Each would say, "I only took a little." Afterward they would drive him from the city with great outcry and tumult [(Sefer HaYashar, Parashat Vayera, with many of their deeds and customs)].

And when Avraham rescued Lot, his wife gave birth to a daughter and he called her name Paltit, for he said that God had delivered him and all his household from the kings of Elam. And he took one of the women of Sodom as a wife (and she conceived for him, etc.), and because she gave bread to the poor, they burned her [(see Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer chapter 28)].

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3

The wife of Lot, her name was Idit [(Sefer HaYashar, and so it is in Midrash Vayera section 84 and Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer chapter 28), but in Sefer Yosef HaDa'at and Ba'al HaTurim it appears as Irit in the beginning]. Not far from Nachal Kidron is the wife of Lot who became a pillar of salt, and I saw after midnight that she was complete, but two hours before dawn only about two handbreadths remained, for the goats of several hundred between the ruined village and Tzo'ar lick her.

But two handbreadths always remain, and before midnight she grows large as before. And from there I went to the place of Sodom and Amorah which was destroyed and sunk in the sea, black and smoking greatly in that place, and great smoke rises from there [(Benjamin of Tudela). She has no reincarnation, as it is written "until this day," for her very substance was destroyed. Her rectification is through "upon all your offerings you shall offer salt," and likewise on the table there must be salt—from mechal to lachem (from forgiveness to bread).]

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4

The event of Sodom was on the sixteenth of Nisan [(Bereishit Rabbah, end of chapter 50). The Mikach commentary on Parashat Vayera writes in the chapter of HaDvukim: when the upper stars aligned in the constellation of Gemini, fire and brimstone were decreed upon the earth and many nations died. Our Sages of blessed memory said "HaShem, He and His court." That is, He is the arrangement of the stars]. And the daughters of Lot lay with their father, and afterward Lot traveled with his daughters and their sons and dwelt across the Jordan.

The sons of Lot grew up and took wives from the land of Canaan and had sons.

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